Water insecurity is a reality for vulnerable households everywhere from Flint, Michigan, to São Paulo, Brazil — from the Texas-Mexico border colonias, to Cape Town, South Africa. 

“Water security means adequate, reliable, affordable water for a healthy life,” said Dr. Wendy Jepson, professor in Texas A&M University’s Department of Geography, in the College of Geosciences. Household water insecurity can result when those conditions are not met, and can happen almost anywhere.

To address the complex and global problem of water insecurity, the National Science Foundation (NSF) recently awarded a $500,000 grant to Jepson and several collaborators, for the formation of the Household Water Insecurity (HWISE) Research Coordination Network (RCN). Jepson will lead the five-year project, along with co-investigators Dr. Justin Stoler at University of Miami, Dr. Amber Wutich at Arizona State University, and Dr. Sera Young at Northwestern University.

“We will be consolidating our research resources and looking for new ways to study household water insecurity and impacts on health, well-being and livelihoods,” Jepson said. “We’ll be developing a geospatial perspective. And, using the toolkit we’ve taken abroad, we will take a harder look at water insecurity in the U.S. and Canada.”

Even in highly developed counties, household water insecurity can result from aging infrastructure, poverty or other systemic problems. 

“The Flint water crisis was not an anomaly. Water insecurity is experienced in many communities,” Jepson said. “Water insecurity among the homeless has been documented by Dr. Wutich. And, my previous research on Texas colonias underscored that despite massive investments, low-income families face hard choices about paying water bills, going to the grocery store, or putting gas in the car.”

The RCN will create research infrastructure, working groups, and engagement and participation training. The researchers are also planning to develop and test a water security metric – an analytical framework that could streamline water security measurements globally.

“How do you measure this?” Jepson said. “That’s a key question, because once you measure it, you can look at causes and consequences in a more systematic way that’s less anecdotal.”

Collaborating For Solutions To Water Insecurity

This group of household water insecurity researchers in the U.S. has been collaborating since 2014, Jepson said. They have held three workshops and developed a proposal, led by Young, on household water security metric development. Current HWISE collaborators now include over 40 scholars from 24 U.S. and international institutions, spanning a variety of careers and social science disciplines. Their effort to-date is only the beginning of a productive, collaborative research network to advance conceptual and methodological frontiers in water security and environmental social science, Jepson said.

“Now we’re building a global network,” she said. “The RCN will be developing new approaches for studying these questions, and finding the causes and consequences.”

“We have outlined three major workshops, including engagement with various stakeholders in the international water sector. We are also developing tools, webinars, podcasts, and a data platform for our research community.”

Texas A&M Water Management and Hydrological Sciences master’s student Amy Truong will also be the program coordinator for the entire RCN.

“In the end, the Research Coordination Network is an investment in research infrastructure — and that infrastructure is human capital, because ideas and creativity and problem solving happen in collaboration,” Jepson said. “The NSF is not just funding three workshops — it is about fostering organic growth, collaboration and mentoring in a community of practice, to advance discovery and research.”

The team will also include practitioners who have doctorates but work outside of academia, and the RCN’s steering committee will include diverse professionals from multiple countries as well. 

More Than Just A Flowing Tap

Water security is a complicated concept to measure and study, Jepson said, because it means that water is “available for various activities, for personal hygiene, cultural practices — not just for biophysical.”

“We have to recognize that it means more than just drinking water. It’s about how water is part of our daily cultural activities. We try to think water not as a thing, but how we can secure ways people interact with water.”

The RCN will include experts in political science, nutrition, geography, anthropology, and more, equipping them to study these complex water security problems. Jepson said she is excited to see how the RCN grows and informs water policy and practice around the world.

“This is just the beginning.”

By Leslie Lee ’09